Evaluación de las eficiencias por conducción y distribución del recurso hídrico en el Canal L2 Chilape del Sub Sector Hidráulico Chiclayo, distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz, Perú, 2024

Abstract

La gestión eficiente del recurso hídrico es un desafío constante en la agricultura, especialmente en zonas donde el sistema de riego son canales de tierra, los cuales presentan elevadas pérdidas, estas pérdidas reducen la disponibilidad de agua para los agricultores, limitan la productividad y generan conflictos en la distribución del agua. En este contexto, la presente investigación tuvo como propósito evaluar las pérdidas de conducción y distribución del recurso hídrico en el canal L2 Chilape, perteneciente al Sub Sector Hidráulico Chiclayo, distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz. La metodología aplicada correspondió a un enfoque empírico-cuantitativo, desarrollada bajo un diseño no experimental de tipo longitudinal y nivel descriptivo. Se evaluaron parámetros físicos y operativos del canal, complementados con aforos programados y el análisis de pérdidas. Los resultados evidenciaron que el canal Chilape presenta un estado de conservación deficiente, registrando una eficiencia de conducción del 81,69 % con pérdidas del 18,31 %, y una eficiencia de distribución del 85,43 % con pérdidas del 14,57 %. Asimismo, se identificaron los principales factores de pérdidas: infiltración (47,42 %), evaporación (5,85 %), extracciones no autorizadas (23,26 %), fugas y desbordes (17,47 %) y otros factores asociados (6 %). Se concluyó que la eficiencia global de operación, administración y gestión del recurso hídrico en el canal Chilape es del 69,80 %, reflejando la necesidad de mejorar las prácticas de mantenimiento y optimizar la gestión del recurso hídrico, con el fin de garantizar un servicio más eficiente y sostenible en beneficio de los agricultores del bloque de riego.

Efficient water resource management is a constant challenge in agriculture, especially in areas where irrigation systems are composed of earthen canals, which present high water losses. These losses reduce water availability for farmers, limit agricultural productivity, and generate conflicts in water distribution. In this context, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the conveyance and distribution efficiency of water in the L2 Chilape canal, which belongs to the Chiclayo Hydraulic Subsector, located in the district of José Leonardo Ortiz. The methodology applied followed an empirical-quantitative approach, developed under a non-experimental, longitudinal, and descriptive design. Physical and operational parameters of the canal were evaluated, complemented with programmed flow measurements and water loss analysis. The results showed that the Chilape canal is in poor conservation condition, recording a conveyance efficiency of 81.69 % with losses of 18.31 %, and a distribution efficiency of 85.43 % with losses of 14.57 %. In addition, the main loss factors were identified: infiltration (47.42 %), evaporation (5.85 %), unauthorized extractions (23.26 %), leaks and overflows (17.47 %), and other associated factors (6 %). It was concluded that the overall efficiency of operation, management, and administration of water resources in the Chilape canal is 69.80%, highlighting the need to improve maintenance practices and optimize water management in order to ensure a more efficient and sustainable service for the farmers of the irrigation block.

Efficient water resource management is a constant challenge in agriculture, especially in areas where irrigation systems are composed of earthen canals, which present high water losses. These losses reduce water availability for farmers, limit agricultural productivity, and generate conflicts in water distribution. In this context, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the conveyance and distribution efficiency of water in the L2 Chilape canal, which belongs to the Chiclayo Hydraulic Subsector, located in the district of José Leonardo Ortiz. The methodology applied followed an empirical-quantitative approach, developed under a non-experimental, longitudinal, and descriptive design. Physical and operational parameters of the canal were evaluated, complemented with programmed flow measurements and water loss analysis. The results showed that the Chilape canal is in poor conservation condition, recording a conveyance efficiency of 81.69 % with losses of 18.31 %, and a distribution efficiency of 85.43 % with losses of 14.57 %. In addition, the main loss factors were identified: infiltration (47.42 %), evaporation (5.85 %), unauthorized extractions (23.26 %), leaks and overflows (17.47 %), and other associated factors (6 %). It was concluded that the overall efficiency of operation, management, and administration of water resources in the Chilape canal is 69.80%, highlighting the need to improve maintenance practices and optimize water management in order to ensure a more efficient and sustainable service for the farmers of the irrigation block.