Diagnóstico situacional de la crianza de cuyes en la provincia de Chiclayo, región Lambayeque al 2024

Abstract

Del 25 de junio de 2024 al 30 a enero de 2025, en la provincia de Chiclayo, región Lambayeque, se aplicaron 796 encuestas con 76 preguntas con el objetivo de realizar un diagnóstico de genética, alimentación, manejo, sanidad y comercialización de las crianzas de cuyes a nivel familiar-comercial y comercial. Se utilizó la técnica de le entrevista. Los resultados indican que es una actividad liderada mayoritariamente por mujeres (62,98%), principalmente bajo un sistema familiar-comercial reciente (1–2 años) que representa el 97.77% de las explotaciones, sin registros productivos (82,40%), predomina la crianza de cuyes nativos (34,14%), Perú–Andina–Inti (30,13%) y raza Perú (26,44%). En el manejo reproductivo, el 100% utiliza empadre continuo; El tamaño de camada más frecuente es de 1 a 3 crías (65,59%). La crianza se da en áreas menores a 50 m2 (62,56%), galpones de material rústico (74,17%), techos de calamina (57,22%), pisos de tierra (72,99%). Mayormente crían en jaulas (77,66%). La alimentación con uso exclusivo de forraje (89,23%), utiliza maíz chala (45,02%), alfalfa (26,36%) y combinados (28,06%). El 60,44% de productores no suministra agua. La mayoría compra forraje (84,01%). Solo 10,27% suministra concentrado, preferentemente pellet. El 51,39% limpia diariamente su galpón y 29,99%, semanalmente. Los principales problemas sanitarios internos son abortos (28,63%), salmonelosis (24,24%), neumonía (23,48%) y timpanismo (17,05%); en problemas externos destacan pulgas y piojos (56,65%), hongos (22,24%) y sarna (10,05%). La mayoría no realiza necropsias (92,74%). La comercialización es mayormente individual (79,45%), cuyes vivos (82,67%), con pesos de 800 a 1000 g (60,47%), de ambos sexos (71,08%)sin estructura de costos (82,40%). Los compradores son productores (35,63%), restaurantes (13,64%) y acopiadores (12,13%). 62,72% desconoce el mercado de cuyes tiernos para la salud.

From June 25, 2024, to January 30, 2025, in the province of Chiclayo, Lambayeque region, 796 surveys consisting of 76 questions were administered to diagnose genetics, feeding, management, health, and marketing practices in family-commercial and commercial guinea pig farming systems. The interview technique was used. The results indicate that this activity is mainly led by women (62.98%) and is carried out primarily under a recent family-commercial system of 1 to 2 years, representing 97.77% of farms. Most farms lack production records (82.40%). The predominant guinea pigs raised are native guinea pigs (34.14%), Perú–Andina–Inti lines (30.13%), and the Perú breed (26.44%). Regarding reproductive management, 100% use continuous mating; the most frequent litter size is 1 to 3 offspring (65.59%). Farming is carried out in areas smaller than 50 m2 (62.56%), rustic-material sheds (74.17%), corrugated metal roofs (57.22%), and dirt floors (72.99%). Most producers raise guinea pigs in cages (77.66%). Feeding is based exclusively on forage (89.23%), using chala corn forage (45.02%), alfalfa (26.36%), and forage combinations (28.06%). A total of 60.44% of producers do not provide water. Most purchase forage (84.01%). Only 10.27% provide concentrate, preferably pellets. Regarding hygiene, 51.39% clean their sheds daily and 29.99% weekly. The main internal health problems are abortions (28.63%), salmonellosis (24.24%), pneumonia (23.48%), and bloat (17.05%); among external problems, fleas and lice (56.65%), fungi (22.24%), and mange (10.05%) stand out. Most producers do not perform necropsies (92.74%). Marketing is mostly individual (79.45%), involving live guinea pigs (82.67%), weighing 800 to 1000 g (60.47%), of both sexes (71.08%), and without a cost structure (82.40%). Buyers include producers (35.63%), restaurants (13.64%), and collectors/intermediaries (12.13%). Additionally, 62.72% are unaware of the market for young guinea pigs for health purposes.